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DE 85-3447553 2722 Michelson Drive Suite 100 Irvine CA 92612 949 861-8888 Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share DSP NASDAQ No No Yes Yes Accelerated Filer true true false false false false 155500000 16353549 46720212 <div style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:6pt;text-align:center">DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE</div><div style="text-indent:36pt">Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which the registrant intends to file pursuant to Regulation 14A with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.</div>

0.259

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical systems and information. Our cybersecurity risk management program includes a cybersecurity incident response plan.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">We design and assess our program based on the CIS Critical Security Controls Version 8 ("CIS"). This does not imply that we meet any particular technical standards, specifications, or requirements, only that we use CIS as a guide to help us identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks relevant to our business.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Our cybersecurity risk management program has its own governance channel and processes for monitoring and reporting risks. The current enterprise risk management framework is tailored to address risks around governance, process, technology, financial reporting, and fraud which could impact our financial statements. An enterprise effort to expand and integrate risks across all channels is underway.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Our cybersecurity risk management program includes the following:</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, products, services, and our broader enterprise IT environment;</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•a security team principally responsible for managing (1) our cybersecurity risk assessment processes, (2) our security controls, and (3) our response to cybersecurity incidents;</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•the use of external service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test or otherwise assist with aspects of our security controls;</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•cybersecurity awareness training of our employees, incident response personnel, and senior management; </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•a cybersecurity incident response plan that includes procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents; and</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•a third-party risk management process for significant service providers, suppliers, and vendors.</div> The current enterprise risk management framework is tailored to address risks around governance, process, technology, financial reporting, and fraud which could impact our financial statements. true true true false <div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Our board of directors (the "Board") considers cybersecurity risk as part of its risk oversight function. While delegated to the Audit Committee, the Board directly oversees management’s implementation of our cybersecurity risk management program.</div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Board receives regular reports from management on our cybersecurity risks. In addition, management updates the Board, as necessary, regarding any material cybersecurity incidents, as well as any incidents with lesser impact potential. Board members receive presentations on cybersecurity topics from our Chief Information Officer ("CIO").</div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Board receives regular reports from management on our cybersecurity risks. In addition, management updates the Board, as necessary, regarding any material cybersecurity incidents, as well as any incidents with lesser impact potential. Board members receive presentations on cybersecurity topics from our Chief Information Officer ("CIO").</div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Board receives regular reports from management on our cybersecurity risks. In addition, management updates the Board, as necessary, regarding any material cybersecurity incidents, as well as any incidents with lesser impact potential. Board members receive presentations on cybersecurity topics from our Chief Information Officer ("CIO").</div> true true <div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Our management team, including our CIO, is responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats. Our CIO has primary responsibility for our overall cybersecurity risk management program and supervises both our internal cybersecurity personnel and our retained external cybersecurity consultants. Our CIO's experience includes over twenty (20) years of design, implementation and management of cyber-security programs at various levels and organizations.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Our management team supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel; threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the IT environment.</div> Our management team, including our CIO, is responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats. Our CIO's experience includes over twenty (20) years of design, implementation and management of cyber-security programs at various levels and organizations. 34 Deloitte & Touche LLP Costa Mesa, California

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Nature of Operations<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Viant Technology Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” or “Viant”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware on October 9, 2020. The Company operates a cloud-based demand side platform ("DSP") that is used by marketers and their advertising agencies to centralize the planning, buying and measurement of their advertising across most channels, including connected TV ("CTV"), streaming audio, digital out-of-home, mobile and desktop.</div>

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies<div style="margin-top:12pt">Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the operations of the Company, Viant Technology LLC and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Viant Technology LLC is considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The Company is the primary beneficiary and sole managing member of Viant Technology LLC and has decision-making authority that significantly affects the economic performance of the entity. As a result, the Company consolidates Viant Technology LLC. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Management believes that the accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the adjustments necessary for the fair statement of its consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 ("fiscal 2024", "fiscal 2023", and "fiscal 2022"), statements of stockholders' equity as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, and statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Use of Estimates</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, primarily those related to revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, income taxes, allowances for doubtful accounts, the useful lives of capitalized software development costs and other property, equipment and software and assumptions used in the impairment analyses of long-lived assets and goodwill. These estimates are based on historical data and experience, as well as various other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The impact of widespread macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainties, including the impact of bank failures, high interest rates, inflationary pressures, labor shortages, shortages of goods and services, supply chain constraints, pandemics, political election cycles, changes in law and interpretations of laws, international conflicts and acts of terrorism on our business continues to evolve. Many of our estimates and assumptions consider these macroeconomic and geopolitical factors in the market, which require increased judgment and carry a higher degree of variability and volatility. As events continue to evolve and additional information becomes available on the potential impact on our business of global economic and business events, our estimates may change materially in future periods as a result.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Comprehensive Income (Loss)</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">For the periods presented, net income (loss) is equal to comprehensive income (loss).</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Segment Information</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company has a single reportable operating segment which operates an enterprise technology platform that enables marketers and their advertising agencies to automate and centralize the planning, buying and measurement of their video, audio and display ads across all channels, including CTV, streaming audio, digital out-of-home, mobile and desktop in the United States. The Company derives its revenues from the utilization of the platform by marketers and their advertising agencies. In reaching this conclusion of a single reportable operating segment, management considers the definition of the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), how the business is defined by the CODM, the nature of the information provided to the CODM and how that information is used to make operating decisions, allocate resources and assess performance. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company’s CODM is comprised of the chief executive officer and chief operating officer. The CODM uses multiple measures within the consolidated statements of operations, balance sheets, and cash flows and thus utilizes the entirety of those consolidated statements to make key resource decisions and assess performance at the consolidated level. The CODM does not review segment assets at a different asset level and category. The consolidated net income (loss) is the measure of segment net income (loss) </div><div style="margin-top:6pt">that is most consistent with U.S. GAAP. In addition to the consolidated operating expenses as noted on the consolidated statements of operations, the CODM is regularly provided with traffic acquisition costs which are included within platform operations as presented below:</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.204%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.064%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Traffic acquisition costs</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">111,845 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">79,552 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">72,440 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other platform operations</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">45,319 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">40,927 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">44,285 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total platform operations</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">157,164 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">120,479 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">116,725 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Revenue Recognition</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company generates its revenue by providing marketers and advertising agencies with the ability to plan, buy and measure their digital advertising campaigns using its DSP. Our platform enables marketers to reach their target audience across CTV, streaming audio, digital out-of-home, mobile and desktop.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company applies a five-step approach as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), in determining the amount and timing of revenue to be recognized:</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•Identification of a contract with a customer;</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•Determination of the transaction price;</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•Recognition of revenue when or as the performance obligations are satisfied.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">We make our platform available through different pricing options to tailor to multiple customer types and customer needs. These options consist of a percentage of spend option and a fixed cost per mille (“CPM”) option. CPM refers to a payment option in which customers pay a price for every 1,000 impressions an ad receives. We generate revenue when our platform is used on a self-service basis by charging a platform fee that is a percentage of spend. We also offer our customers the ability to use our services to aid in data management, media execution and advanced reporting. When customers utilize these services, we generate revenue by charging (1) a separate service fee that represents a percentage of spend in addition to the platform fee; (2) a flat monthly fee; or (3) a fixed CPM.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">We maintain agreements with our customers in the form of master service agreements (“MSA”) in connection with the percentage of spend pricing option, as well as instances where we charge our customers a flat monthly fee. We maintain insertion orders (“IO”) in connection with the fixed CPM pricing option, which set out the terms of the relationship and use of our platform. The nature of our performance obligations is to enable customers to plan, buy and measure advertising campaigns using our platform and provide campaign execution services as requested.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">For the percentage of spend pricing option, we typically bill customers a platform fee, and in certain instances an additional service fee, which is based on a specified percentage of the customer’s purchases through the platform as well as fees for additional features such as data and advanced reporting, plus the cost of TAC, as defined below. We recognize revenue at the point in time when a purchase by the customer occurs through our platform.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The determination of whether revenue for the percentage of spend pricing option should be reported on a gross or net basis is based on an assessment of whether we are acting as the principal or an agent in the transaction. In determining whether we are acting as the principal or an agent, we follow the accounting guidance for principal-agent considerations. Making such determinations involves judgment and is based on an evaluation of the terms of each arrangement, none of which are considered presumptive or determinative. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">In instances discussed above related to the percentage of spend pricing option, we typically act as an agent because we arrange for the transfer of such costs from the supplier to the customer through the use of our platform and do not control such features prior to transfer to the customer. We do not have primary responsibility for meeting customer specifications and do not have discretion in establishing the price of TAC related to this pricing option. As we act as the agent in these arrangements, we report revenue on a net basis. In certain percentage of spend arrangements, we act as a principal because we control the advertising inventory before it is transferred to the customer, and we bear sole responsibility for fulfillment of the advertising promise and inventory risks. As we act as the principal in these arrangements, we report revenue and the related costs incurred on a gross basis.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">For the fixed CPM pricing option, we typically bill customers a fixed CPM price based on advertising impressions delivered through the platform and recognize revenue at the point in time when the advertising impressions are delivered. In certain cases, we also provide third party data segments and measurement reporting, which are recognized at the point in time they are delivered to the customer. We have the primary responsibility for meeting customer specifications and have discretion in establishing the price of TAC related to this pricing option. As we act as the principal in these arrangements, we report revenue and the related costs incurred on a gross basis.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company invoices its customers on a monthly basis for all pricing options. Invoice payment terms, negotiated on a customer-by-customer basis, are typically 30 to 60 days. Advertising agency customers typically have sequential liability terms, which means payments are not due to the Company from its advertising agency customer until the advertising agency customer has received payment from its customer, the advertiser.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">There are no contract assets recorded on the consolidated balance sheets because the Company’s right to any unbilled consideration for performance obligations satisfied is only conditional upon the passage of time. Contract liabilities, or deferred revenue, are recorded for amounts that are collected in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations. These liabilities are classified as current if the respective performance obligations are anticipated to be satisfied during the succeeding 12-month period per the terms of the contract, and the remaining portion is recorded as non-current deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">ASC 606 provides various optional practical expedients. The Company elected the use of the practical expedient relating to the disclosure of remaining performance obligations within a contract and will not disclose remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Operating Expenses</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">We classify our operating expenses into the following four categories. Each expense category includes overhead such as rent and occupancy charges, which is allocated based on headcount.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Platform Operations. Platform operations expense represents our cost of revenues, which consists of TAC, hosting costs, personnel costs, depreciation of capitalized software development costs, customer support costs and allocated overhead. TAC recorded in platform operations consists of amounts incurred and payable to suppliers for costs associated with our fixed CPM pricing option and certain arrangements related to our percentage of spend pricing option. Personnel costs within platform operations include salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation and employee benefit costs primarily attributable to personnel who directly support our platform.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expense consists primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation, employee benefit costs and commissions for our sales personnel. Sales and marketing expense also includes costs for market development programs, advertising, promotional and other marketing activities and allocated overhead. Commissions are expensed as incurred.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company incurred advertising costs of $6.2 million, $3.4 million, and $9.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the promotion of the Company, its brands, products and services to potential customers. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and recorded in sales and marketing expense within the consolidated statements of operations.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Technology and Development. Technology and development expense consists primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation and employee benefit costs associated with the ongoing development and maintenance of our platform and allocated overhead. Technology and development costs are expensed as incurred, except to the extent that such costs are associated with software development that qualifies for capitalization, which are then recorded as capitalized software development costs included in "Property, equipment, and software, net", on the consolidated balance sheets. We record depreciation for capitalized software not related to our platform within technology and development expense.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">General and Administrative. General and administrative expense consists primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation and employee benefit costs associated with our executive, accounting, finance, legal, human resources, and other administrative personnel. Additionally, this includes accounting, legal and other professional services fees, insurance expense, bad debt expense and allocated overhead.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Stock-Based Compensation</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Stock-based compensation relates to equity awards granted under the Company’s 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "LTIP"), which is measured and recognized in the consolidated financial statements based on the fair value of the equity awards granted. Since inception of the LTIP, the Company has only granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and nonqualified stock options ("NQSOs"). The fair value of RSUs is calculated using the closing market price of the Company’s Class A common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of nonqualified stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model is impacted by the fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock, as well as changes in certain assumptions, including but </div><div style="margin-top:6pt">not limited to, the expected Class A common stock price volatility over the term of the nonqualified stock options, the expected term of the nonqualified stock options, the risk-free interest rate, and the expected dividend yield. The Company records compensation for all equity awards under the LTIP under the straight-line attribution method over the requisite service period. The Company has elected the accounting policy for stock-based compensation to account for forfeitures as they occur.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">RSUs generally vest over a period of two-to-four years, contingent upon employment on the vesting date. RSUs awarded to board members upon their appointment annually vest over a three-year period. RSUs awarded to board members annually vest in full on the earlier of (i) the date of the following year’s annual meeting or (ii) the first anniversary of the date of grant. Nonqualified stock options generally vest over a period of two-to-four years and have a contractual term of ten years. </div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Earnings (Loss) Per Share</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the earnings (loss) attributable to Class A common stockholders by the number of weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the period. The Company’s RSUs, nonqualified stock options and shares of Class B common stock do not share in the earnings or losses of the Company and are therefore not participating securities. As such, separate presentation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of RSUs, nonqualified stock options and Class B common stock under the two-class method has not been presented.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Diluted earnings (loss) per share adjusts the basic earnings (loss) per share calculation for the potential dilutive impact of common shares such as equity awards using the treasury-stock method. Diluted earnings (loss) per share considers the impact of potentially dilutive securities except in periods in which there is a loss because the inclusion of the potential common shares would have an anti-dilutive effect. Shares of our Class B common stock, RSUs, and nonqualified stock options are considered potentially dilutive shares of Class A common stock. For the year ended December 31, 2024, Class B common stock has been excluded from the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock because the effect would have been anti-dilutive under the if-converted method. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, Class B common stock, RSUs and nonqualified stock options have been excluded from the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock because the effect would have been anti-dilutive under both the if-converted and treasury stock method.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Cash and Cash Equivalents</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">For purposes of balance sheet presentation and reporting of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of cash in bank accounts and money market funds for which the carrying value approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. Cash equivalents are valued based on Level 1 inputs which consist of quoted prices in active markets. As of December 31, 2024, cash equivalents included money market funds of $182.6 million.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Accounts Receivable, Net of Allowances</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, and are unsecured and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the best estimate of the amount of expected credit losses in accounts receivable. The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined based on historical collection experience, our assessment of the financial condition of companies with which we do business, current macroeconomic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future macroeconomic conditions, as well as the review in each period of the status of the then-outstanding accounts receivable. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when the Company believes it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. Recoveries of accounts receivable previously written off are recorded when received.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The following table presents changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:71.971%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.063%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31, </td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Beginning balance</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,197 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,015 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Cumulative impact of accounting adoption</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">209 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Provision for doubtful accounts</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">998 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">111 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Write-offs, net of recoveries</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(130)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(138)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Ending balance</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,065 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,197 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Property, Equipment and Software, Net</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Property, equipment and software are recorded at historical cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based upon the following estimated useful lives:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:85.718%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.082%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Years</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Computer equipment</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:right">3-5</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Purchased software</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Capitalized software development costs</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Furniture, fixtures and office equipment</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Leasehold improvements</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">*</td></tr></table></div><div> </div><div style="padding-left:40.5pt;text-indent:-9pt">*Leasehold improvements are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, or the useful life of the assets, whichever is shorter.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred, while replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recorded in operating expenses within the consolidated statements of operations.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Capitalized Software Development Costs</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company capitalizes certain costs associated with creating and enhancing internally developed software related to the Company’s technology infrastructure and such costs are recorded within property, equipment and software, net. These costs include personnel and related employee benefit expenses for employees who are directly associated with and who devote time to software development projects. Software development costs that do not qualify for capitalization are expensed as incurred and recorded in technology and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Software development activities typically consist of three stages: (1) the planning stage; (2) the application and infrastructure development stage; and (3) the post-implementation stage. Costs incurred in the planning and post-implementation stages, including costs associated with training and repairs and maintenance of the developed technologies, are expensed as incurred. The Company capitalizes costs associated with software developed when the preliminary project stage is completed, management implicitly or explicitly authorizes and commits to funding the project and it is probable that the project will be completed and perform as intended. Costs incurred in the application and infrastructure development stages, including significant enhancements and upgrades, are capitalized. Capitalization ends once a project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its intended purpose. Software development costs are depreciated using a straight-line method over the estimated useful life, commencing when the software is ready for its intended use. The straight-line recognition method approximates the manner in which the expected benefit will be derived.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Capitalized Interest</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company capitalizes interest on borrowings related to eligible capital expenditures including development costs related to internal use software which is recorded within property, equipment and software, net. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the qualified assets and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets. </div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Long-lived assets consist of property, equipment and software and intangible assets with estimable useful lives subject to depreciation and amortization. The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset or asset group to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or asset group to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Goodwill</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Goodwill is tested at least annually for impairment as of the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist during the fiscal year. Events or circumstances which could trigger an impairment review include a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, loss of key customers, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, a loss of key personnel, significant changes in the manner of the Company’s use of the acquired assets or the strategy for the Company’s overall business, significant negative industry or economic trends, or significant underperformance </div><div style="margin-top:6pt">relative to expected historical or projected future results of operations. The Company assesses its conclusion regarding reporting units in conjunction with its annual goodwill impairment test and has determined that it has one reporting unit for the purposes of allocating and testing goodwill.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">When testing goodwill for impairment, the Company first performs a qualitative assessment. If the Company determines it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount, then a one-step impairment test is required. If the Company determines it is not more likely than not a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount, then no further analysis is necessary. To identify whether a potential impairment exists, the Company compares the estimated fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then such balance would be recorded as an impairment loss. Any impairment loss is limited to the carrying amount of goodwill within the entity.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Fair Value of Financial Instruments</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The framework for measuring fair value and related disclosure requirements about fair value measurements are provided in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). This pronouncement defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy prescribed by ASC 820 contains three input levels as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•Level 2: Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued compensation and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Certain financial instruments, including debt, are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of debt is estimated using primarily level 2 inputs including quoted market prices or discounted cash flow analyses, based on estimated incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. As of December 31, 2024, there was no outstanding balance under the Amended Loan Agreement (as defined below). </div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Certain assets and liabilities, including goodwill and intangible assets, are subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis if there are indicators of impairment or if they are deemed to be impaired as a result of an impairment review.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Leases</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">At the beginning of fiscal 2022, the Company adopted new lease accounting guidance issued by the FASB. The most significant change requires lessees to record the present value of operating lease payments as operating lease assets and lease liabilities on its balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">We adopted the new guidance using the modified retrospective method at the beginning of fiscal 2022 by applying the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed the Company to carry forward its original assessment of whether:</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•our existing arrangements are or contain leases; </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•our existing arrangements are operating or finance leases; and </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•to capitalize initial direct costs. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Upon adoption, the new guidance resulted in the recognition of operating lease assets of approximately $21.0 million and operating lease liabilities of approximately $22.0 million, which were measured by the present value of the remaining minimum lease payments. In accordance with the guidance, the Company elected the practical expedient to exclude leases with a term of less than one year from the measurement of operating lease assets and lease liabilities. The Company also elected the practical expedient that allows lessees the option to account for lease and non-lease components together as a single component for all real estate classes of </div><div style="margin-top:6pt">underlying assets. At adoption, in the consolidated balance sheet, we also reclassified deferred rent of approximately $1.0 million for operating leases at the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 from other current liabilities (current portion) and other long-term liabilities (non-current portion) to current portion of operating lease liabilities and long-term portion of operating lease liabilities, respectively. The impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and cash flows was not material.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The present value of the lease payments was calculated using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate applicable to the lease, which is determined by estimating what it would cost the Company to borrow a collateralized amount equal to the total lease payments over the lease term based on the contractual terms of the lease and the location of the leased asset.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">We determine whether an arrangement is a lease at the contract inception date. Our leases may require us to make fixed rental payments or variable lease payments, which are based on a variety of factors including property values, tax and utility rates, property services fees, and other factors. Since these costs are variable in nature, they are excluded from the measurement of the reported operating lease assets and liabilities and are expensed as incurred. The Company records rent expense for operating leases, some of which have escalating rent payments, on a straight-line basis over the lease term.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Concentration of Risk</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash with financial institutions and its cash levels exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's federally insured limits. Market conditions can impact the viability of these institutions. In the event of failure of any of the financial institutions where we maintain our cash and cash equivalents, there can be no assurance that we will be able to access uninsured funds in a timely manner or at all. Accounts receivable include amounts due from customers with principal operations primarily in the United States.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">As of December 31, 2024, one individual customer accounted for 13.9% of consolidated accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2023, one individual customer accounted for 17.9% of consolidated accounts receivable.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">As of December 31, 2024, three individual suppliers accounted for 14.0%, 12.6% and 12.6%, respectively, of consolidated accounts payable and accrued liabilities. As of December 31, 2023, three suppliers accounted for 16.1%, 14.4% and 11.6%, respectively, of consolidated accounts payable and accrued liabilities.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The following table provides the Company’s concentrations of credit risk with respect to advertising agency holding companies and individual customers as a percentage of the Company’s total revenues for the periods presented. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:88.333%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:60.377%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:11.321%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.428%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:11.321%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.428%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:11.325%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31, </td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Advertising Agency Holding Company</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">A</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><10.0 %</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10.0 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">13.5 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Individual Customer</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">B</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><10.0 %</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">14.1 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><10.0 %</td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Related Party Relationships</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Capital V LLC (formerly Four Brothers 2 LLC), the holder of Class B common stock as of December 31, 2024, is controlled by the Company’s co-founders, Tim Vanderhook and Chris Vanderhook, and therefore is considered a related party. Refer to Note 14—Related Parties for additional information.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Income Taxes</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company is the sole managing member of Viant Technology LLC and, as a result, consolidates the financial results of Viant Technology LLC in the consolidated financial statements. Viant Technology LLC is a pass-through entity for U.S. federal and most applicable state and local income tax purposes following a corporate reorganization effected in connection with our initial public offering. As an entity classified as a partnership for tax purposes, Viant Technology LLC generally is not subject to U.S. federal and certain state and local income taxes. Any taxable income or loss generated by Viant Technology LLC is passed through to and included in the taxable income or loss of its members, including us. The Company is taxed as a corporation and pays corporate federal, state and local taxes with respect to income allocated from Viant Technology LLC, based on the Company's 25.9% interest in Viant Technology LLC.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company expects to obtain an increase in its share of tax basis in the net assets of Viant Technology LLC when Class B units are exchanged by the holders of Class B units for shares of Class A common stock of the Company and upon other qualifying transactions. Each change in outstanding shares of Class A common stock of the Company results in a corresponding increase or decrease in the Company's ownership of Class A units of Viant Technology LLC. The Company intends to treat any exchanges of </div><div style="margin-top:6pt">Class B units as direct purchases of LLC interests for U.S. federal income tax purposes. These increases in tax basis may reduce the amounts that the Company would otherwise pay in the future to various taxing authorities. They may also decrease gains (or increase losses) on future dispositions of certain capital assets to the extent tax basis is allocated to those capital assets.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities (“DTAs” and “DTLs”) for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, we determine DTAs and DTLs on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities by using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on DTAs and DTLs is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We recognize DTAs to the extent that we believe that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, carryback potential if permitted under the tax law and results of recent operations. If we determine that we would be able to realize our DTAs in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we would make an adjustment to the DTA valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process in which (1) we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Tax Receivable Agreement</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">In connection with the IPO, the Company entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement (“TRA”) with Viant Technology LLC and the holders of Class B units of Viant Technology LLC. In the event that such parties exchange any or all of their Class B units for Class A common stock, the TRA requires the Company to make payments to such holders for 85% of the tax benefits realized, or in some cases deemed to be realized, by the Company by such exchange as a result of (i) increases in the Company’s tax basis of its ownership interest in the net assets of Viant Technology LLC resulting from any redemptions or exchanges of noncontrolling interest, (ii) tax basis increases attributable to payments made under the TRA and (iii) deductions attributable to imputed interest pursuant to the TRA (the “TRA Payments”). The annual tax benefits are computed by calculating the income taxes due, including such tax benefits and the income taxes due without such benefits. The Company expects to benefit from the remaining 15% of any tax benefits that it may actually realize. The TRA Payments are not conditioned upon any continued ownership interest in Viant Technology LLC or the Company. To the extent that the Company is unable to timely make payments under the TRA for any reason, such payments generally will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The timing and amount of aggregate payments due under the TRA may vary based on a number of factors, including the amount and timing of the taxable income the Company generates each year and the tax rate then applicable. The Company calculates the liability under the TRA using a TRA model, which includes an assumption related to the fair market value of assets. The payment obligations under the TRA are obligations of the Company and not of Viant Technology LLC. Payments are generally due under the TRA within a specified period of time following the filing of the Company’s tax return for the taxable year with respect to which the payment obligation arises, although interest on such payments will begin to accrue at a rate of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 500 basis points from the due date (without extensions) of such tax return. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The TRA provides that if (i) certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations, or other changes of control were to occur, (ii) there is a material breach of any material obligations under the TRA; or (iii) the Company elects an early termination of the TRA, then the TRA will terminate and the Company's obligations, or the Company's successor’s obligations, under the TRA will accelerate and become due and payable, based on certain assumptions, including an assumption that the Company would have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize all potential future tax benefits that are subject to the TRA and that any Class B units that have not been exchanged are deemed exchanged for the fair market value of the Company's Class A common stock at the time of termination.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Treasury Stock </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">We account for treasury stock under the cost method. When treasury stock is re-issued at a price higher than its cost, the difference is recorded as a component of additional paid-in-capital in our consolidated balance sheets. When treasury stock is re-issued at a price lower than its cost, the difference is recorded as a component of additional paid-in-capital to the extent that there are previously recorded gains to offset the losses. If there are no treasury stock gains in additional paid-in-capital, the losses upon re-issuance of treasury stock are recorded as an increase in accumulated deficit in our consolidated balance sheets.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">JOBS Act Election as an Emerging Growth Company</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">On April 5, 2012, the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. As an “emerging growth </div><div style="margin-top:6pt">company,” the Company may, under Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), delay adoption of new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies until such standards would otherwise apply to private companies. An “emerging growth company” is one with less than $1.235 billion in annual gross revenues, has issued less than $1 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period and is not deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The Company will remain an emerging growth company until December 31, 2026, or sooner if it no longer qualifies. The Company may take advantage of this extended transition period until the first to occur of the date that it (i) is no longer an “emerging growth company” or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of this extended transition period.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:24.5pt">The Company has elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that the Company is no longer an “emerging growth company” or the date that the Company affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of the exemption provided by Securities Act Section 7(a)(2)(B).</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Disclosure Improvements</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">In October 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. ASU 2023-06 includes a number of amendments to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of topics in order to allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements and to align the requirements in the FASB accounting standard codification with the SEC's regulations. The effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC’s removal of that related disclosure requirement from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. This ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Income Taxes</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is designed to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments of this update are related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid, requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation as well as income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The effective date for this ASU is for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these amendments.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosure (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. ASU 2024-03 requires disclosure of additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements on an annual and interim basis. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these amendments.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Financial Instruments—Credit Losses</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326). ASU 2016-13 revises the impairment model to utilize an expected loss methodology in place of the incurred loss methodology, which results in more timely recognition of losses on financial instruments. We adopted this standard at the beginning of the fiscal 2023. As a result, we revised the impairment model to utilize an expected loss methodology in place of an incurred loss methodology related to our allowance for credit losses. We evaluate our allowance for credit losses based on historical bad debt experience, our assessment of the financial condition of companies with which we do business, current macroeconomic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future macroeconomic conditions. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Codification Improvements</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-10, Codification Improvements, which updates various codification topics by clarifying disclosure requirements to align with the SEC's regulations. The guidance became effective for the Company’s annual reporting period after December 15, 2021 and interim reporting periods within the annual period after December 15, 2022. Effective </div><div style="margin-top:6pt">January 1, 2022, we adopted this standard on a prospective basis. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-04, Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options, which clarifies an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options that remain equity classified after modifications or exchanges. The ASU requires issuers to account for the modifications or exchanges based on the economic substance of the modification or exchange and whether the transaction was done to issue equity, to issue or modify debt, or for other reasons. We adopted this standard prospectively on January 1, 2022. The adoption of this ASU did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.</div>

<div style="margin-top:12pt">Segment Information</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company has a single reportable operating segment which operates an enterprise technology platform that enables marketers and their advertising agencies to automate and centralize the planning, buying and measurement of their video, audio and display ads across all channels, including CTV, streaming audio, digital out-of-home, mobile and desktop in the United States. The Company derives its revenues from the utilization of the platform by marketers and their advertising agencies. In reaching this conclusion of a single reportable operating segment, management considers the definition of the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), how the business is defined by the CODM, the nature of the information provided to the CODM and how that information is used to make operating decisions, allocate resources and assess performance. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company’s CODM is comprised of the chief executive officer and chief operating officer. The CODM uses multiple measures within the consolidated statements of operations, balance sheets, and cash flows and thus utilizes the entirety of those consolidated statements to make key resource decisions and assess performance at the consolidated level. The CODM does not review segment assets at a different asset level and category. The consolidated net income (loss) is the measure of segment net income (loss) </div><div style="margin-top:6pt">that is most consistent with U.S. GAAP. In addition to the consolidated operating expenses as noted on the consolidated statements of operations, the CODM is regularly provided with traffic acquisition costs which are included within platform operations as presented below:</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.204%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.064%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Traffic acquisition costs</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">111,845 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">79,552 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">72,440 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other platform operations</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">45,319 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">40,927 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">44,285 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total platform operations</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">157,164 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">120,479 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">116,725 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

<div style="margin-top:12pt">Revenue Recognition</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company generates its revenue by providing marketers and advertising agencies with the ability to plan, buy and measure their digital advertising campaigns using its DSP. Our platform enables marketers to reach their target audience across CTV, streaming audio, digital out-of-home, mobile and desktop.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company applies a five-step approach as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), in determining the amount and timing of revenue to be recognized:</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•Identification of a contract with a customer;</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•Determination of the transaction price;</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:54pt;text-indent:-27pt">•Recognition of revenue when or as the performance obligations are satisfied.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">We make our platform available through different pricing options to tailor to multiple customer types and customer needs. These options consist of a percentage of spend option and a fixed cost per mille (“CPM”) option. CPM refers to a payment option in which customers pay a price for every 1,000 impressions an ad receives. We generate revenue when our platform is used on a self-service basis by charging a platform fee that is a percentage of spend. We also offer our customers the ability to use our services to aid in data management, media execution and advanced reporting. When customers utilize these services, we generate revenue by charging (1) a separate service fee that represents a percentage of spend in addition to the platform fee; (2) a flat monthly fee; or (3) a fixed CPM.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">We maintain agreements with our customers in the form of master service agreements (“MSA”) in connection with the percentage of spend pricing option, as well as instances where we charge our customers a flat monthly fee. We maintain insertion orders (“IO”) in connection with the fixed CPM pricing option, which set out the terms of the relationship and use of our platform. The nature of our performance obligations is to enable customers to plan, buy and measure advertising campaigns using our platform and provide campaign execution services as requested.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">For the percentage of spend pricing option, we typically bill customers a platform fee, and in certain instances an additional service fee, which is based on a specified percentage of the customer’s purchases through the platform as well as fees for additional features such as data and advanced reporting, plus the cost of TAC, as defined below. We recognize revenue at the point in time when a purchase by the customer occurs through our platform.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The determination of whether revenue for the percentage of spend pricing option should be reported on a gross or net basis is based on an assessment of whether we are acting as the principal or an agent in the transaction. In determining whether we are acting as the principal or an agent, we follow the accounting guidance for principal-agent considerations. Making such determinations involves judgment and is based on an evaluation of the terms of each arrangement, none of which are considered presumptive or determinative. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">In instances discussed above related to the percentage of spend pricing option, we typically act as an agent because we arrange for the transfer of such costs from the supplier to the customer through the use of our platform and do not control such features prior to transfer to the customer. We do not have primary responsibility for meeting customer specifications and do not have discretion in establishing the price of TAC related to this pricing option. As we act as the agent in these arrangements, we report revenue on a net basis. In certain percentage of spend arrangements, we act as a principal because we control the advertising inventory before it is transferred to the customer, and we bear sole responsibility for fulfillment of the advertising promise and inventory risks. As we act as the principal in these arrangements, we report revenue and the related costs incurred on a gross basis.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">For the fixed CPM pricing option, we typically bill customers a fixed CPM price based on advertising impressions delivered through the platform and recognize revenue at the point in time when the advertising impressions are delivered. In certain cases, we also provide third party data segments and measurement reporting, which are recognized at the point in time they are delivered to the customer. We have the primary responsibility for meeting customer specifications and have discretion in establishing the price of TAC related to this pricing option. As we act as the principal in these arrangements, we report revenue and the related costs incurred on a gross basis.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company invoices its customers on a monthly basis for all pricing options. Invoice payment terms, negotiated on a customer-by-customer basis, are typically 30 to 60 days. Advertising agency customers typically have sequential liability terms, which means payments are not due to the Company from its advertising agency customer until the advertising agency customer has received payment from its customer, the advertiser.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">There are no contract assets recorded on the consolidated balance sheets because the Company’s right to any unbilled consideration for performance obligations satisfied is only conditional upon the passage of time. Contract liabilities, or deferred revenue, are recorded for amounts that are collected in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations. These liabilities are classified as current if the respective performance obligations are anticipated to be satisfied during the succeeding 12-month period per the terms of the contract, and the remaining portion is recorded as non-current deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">ASC 606 provides various optional practical expedients. The Company elected the use of the practical expedient relating to the disclosure of remaining performance obligations within a contract and will not disclose remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.</div>

1000 P30D P60D

6200000

3400000

9300000

P4Y

P10Y

<div style="margin-top:12pt">Cash and Cash Equivalents</div>For purposes of balance sheet presentation and reporting of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of cash in bank accounts and money market funds for which the carrying value approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. Cash equivalents are valued based on Level 1 inputs which consist of quoted prices in active markets.

182600000

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The following table presents changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:71.971%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.063%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31, </td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Beginning balance</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,197 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,015 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Cumulative impact of accounting adoption</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">209 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Provision for doubtful accounts</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">998 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">111 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Write-offs, net of recoveries</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(130)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(138)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Ending balance</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,065 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,197 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

1197000

1015000

209000

998000 111000

130000

138000

2065000

1197000

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Property, equipment and software are recorded at historical cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based upon the following estimated useful lives:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:85.718%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.082%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Years</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Computer equipment</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:right">3-5</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Purchased software</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Capitalized software development costs</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Furniture, fixtures and office equipment</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Leasehold improvements</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">*</td></tr></table></div><div> </div><div style="padding-left:40.5pt;text-indent:-9pt">*Leasehold improvements are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, or the useful life of the assets, whichever is shorter.</div>

P3Y

P5Y

P3Y

P10Y

21000000

22000000

1000000

0.139

1 3

0.140

0.126

0.161

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The following table provides the Company’s concentrations of credit risk with respect to advertising agency holding companies and individual customers as a percentage of the Company’s total revenues for the periods presented. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:88.333%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:60.377%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:11.321%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.428%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:11.321%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.428%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:11.325%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31, </td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Advertising Agency Holding Company</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">A</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><10.0 %</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10.0 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">13.5 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Individual Customer</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">B</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><10.0 %</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">14.1 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><10.0 %</td></tr></table></div>

0.100

0.135

0.141

0.259

Revenue<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606. Although the Company maintains agreements with its customers in multiple contractual forms, the overall promise within each of the contract types is to provide customers the ability to plan, buy and measure their digital advertising campaigns using our platform. Refer to Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The disaggregation of revenue was as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.142%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.084%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Over-time revenue</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,698 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,364 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">800 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Point-in-time revenue</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">283,537 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">219,570 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">196,368 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total revenue</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">289,235 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">222,934 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">197,168 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Revenue for unsatisfied performance obligations expected to be recognized in the future for contracts with an original expected duration of greater than one year was $0.8 million and $0.2 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These amounts do not include contracts with an original expected duration of less than one year, which is the majority of the Company’s contracts. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, total deferred revenue was $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Remaining deferred revenue that is anticipated to be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period is recorded in the current portion of deferred revenue within the consolidated balance sheets.</div>

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The disaggregation of revenue was as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.142%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.084%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Over-time revenue</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,698 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,364 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">800 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Point-in-time revenue</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">283,537 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">219,570 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">196,368 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total revenue</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">289,235 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">222,934 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">197,168 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

5698000

3364000

800000

283537000

219570000

196368000

289235000

222934000

197168000

800000

200000

Property, Equipment, and Software, Net<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Major classes of property, equipment, and software were as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:71.971%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.063%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Capitalized software development costs</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">101,877 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">90,803 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Computer equipment</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,778 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,449 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Purchased software</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">12 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">32 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Furniture, fixtures and office equipment</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,090 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">977 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Leasehold improvements</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,621 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,823 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total property, equipment, and software</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">109,378 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">96,084 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Less: Accumulated depreciation</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(77,896)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(67,823)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total property, equipment, and software, net</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">31,482 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">28,261 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Depreciation recorded in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.142%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.084%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Platform operations</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">13,782 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">12,129 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,786 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Sales and marketing</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Technology and development</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,759 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,559 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,646 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">General and administrative</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">737 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">577 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">580 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">16,278 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">14,265 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">12,012 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Major classes of property, equipment, and software were as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:71.971%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.063%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Capitalized software development costs</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">101,877 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">90,803 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Computer equipment</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,778 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,449 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Purchased software</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">12 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">32 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Furniture, fixtures and office equipment</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,090 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">977 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Leasehold improvements</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,621 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,823 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total property, equipment, and software</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">109,378 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">96,084 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Less: Accumulated depreciation</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(77,896)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(67,823)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total property, equipment, and software, net</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">31,482 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">28,261 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

101877000

90803000

1778000

1449000

12000

32000

1090000

977000

4621000

2823000

109378000

96084000

77896000

67823000

31482000

28261000

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Depreciation recorded in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.142%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.084%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Platform operations</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">13,782 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">12,129 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,786 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Sales and marketing</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Technology and development</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,759 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,559 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,646 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">General and administrative</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">737 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">577 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">580 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">16,278 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">14,265 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">12,012 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

13782000

12129000

9786000

1759000

1559000

1646000

737000

577000

580000

16278000

14265000

12012000

Leases<div style="margin-top:6pt">Lessee Arrangements</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company has operating leases for its office space, which have remaining lease terms of up to six years. The Company does not have finance leases. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Some of these leases include renewal options to extend the leases for up to five years and/or termination options to terminate the leases within one year. If it is reasonably certain that a renewal or termination option will be exercised, the exercise of the option is considered in calculating the term of the lease.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">As of December 31, 2024, the Company's operating leases had a weighted-average remaining lease term of approximately six years and a weighted-average incremental borrowing rate of 4.1%. As of December 31, 2023, the Company's operating leases had a weighted-average remaining lease term of approximately seven years and a weighted-average incremental borrowing rate of 3.6%.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Cash paid for amounts included in operating lease liabilities was $4.6 million and $4.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</div><div style="margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The components of lease cost were as follows:</div><div style="text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:93.611%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:70.561%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:11.808%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.393%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.738%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="border-bottom:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Operating lease cost</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,590 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,896 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Short-term lease cost</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">975 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">969 </td><td style="padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Variable lease cost</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total lease cost</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,565 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,874 </td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">As of December 31, 2024, the Company had a remaining contractual obligation of $1.8 million related to a short-term lease to be paid over the following three years. The effective term of this lease is based on the cumulative days available for use throughout the contractual term, which is less than one year. The cost for this lease is included in the disclosure of short-term lease cost. This lease </div><div style="margin-top:6pt">and other of our short-term leases are not recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheet due to our accounting policy election for short-term leases.</div><div style="margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Future minimum lease payments were as follows:</div><div style="margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:6pt;text-align:center;text-indent:27pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:85.718%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.082%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Year</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2025</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,681 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2026</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,399 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2027</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,449 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2028</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,117 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2029</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,563 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Thereafter</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,619 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total undiscounted future lease payments</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">28,828 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Less: Imputed interest</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(2,820)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Present value of operating lease liabilities</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">26,008 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Less: Operating lease liabilities, current</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(4,730)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">21,278 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

P6Y

P5Y

P6Y

0.041

4600000

4700000

<div style="margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The components of lease cost were as follows:</div><div style="text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:93.611%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:70.561%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:11.808%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.393%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.738%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="border-bottom:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Operating lease cost</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,590 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,896 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Short-term lease cost</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">975 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">969 </td><td style="padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Variable lease cost</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total lease cost</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,565 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,874 </td><td style="border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

4590000

4896000

975000

969000

9000

5565000

5874000

1.8

<div style="margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Future minimum lease payments were as follows:</div><div style="margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:6pt;text-align:center;text-indent:27pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:85.718%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.082%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Year</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2025</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,681 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2026</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,399 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2027</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,449 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2028</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,117 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2029</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,563 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Thereafter</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,619 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total undiscounted future lease payments</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">28,828 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="3" style="display:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Less: Imputed interest</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(2,820)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Present value of operating lease liabilities</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">26,008 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Less: Operating lease liabilities, current</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(4,730)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">21,278 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

5681000

5399000

5449000

4117000

3563000

4619000

28828000

2820000

26008000

4730000

21278000

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company’s goodwill balance as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is $19.2 million and $12.4 million, respectively. The balance as of December 31, 2024 is comprised of the Company’s November 2024 acquisition of IRIS.TV as well as the February 2017 acquisition of Adelphic. The goodwill balance was determined based on the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired and represents its future revenue and earnings potential related to synergies and certain other assets acquired that do not meet the recognition criteria, such as assembled workforce.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually as of the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist during the fiscal year. Refer to Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information. In December 2024, the Company performed a qualitative impairment assessment of its goodwill in accordance with the policy. The results of this test indicated that the Company’s goodwill was not impaired. No goodwill impairment was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022. As of December 31, 2024, there is no accumulated goodwill impairment loss.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">On November 6, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of IRIS.TV, which was accounted for as a business combination. The total purchase price for this acquisition was $10.0 million. The purchase price consisted of $3.2 million of net assets acquired based on their estimated fair value on the acquisition date. The excess $6.8 million of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired was recorded to goodwill. The goodwill from the acquisition is attributable to expected synergies and other benefits and is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Intangible assets primarily consist of acquired developed technology, customer relationships, and tradenames and trademarks resulting from business combinations. The Company determines the appropriate useful life of its intangible assets by performing an analysis of expected cash flows of the acquired assets. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives using a straight-line method, which approximates the pattern in which the economic benefits are consumed. No impairment was recorded for intangible assets or other long-lived assets during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The balance of intangible assets and accumulated amortization are as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:44.354%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.085%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="21" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31, 2024</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Remaining Weighted- Average Useful Life (years)</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Gross Amount</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Accumulated Amortization</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Net Carrying Amount</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Developed technology</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">5.8</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,437 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(4,987)</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,450 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Customer relationships</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">0.0</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,300 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(2,300)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Trademarks/tradenames</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">4.3</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,920 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1,322)</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">598 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"> </td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">11,657 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(8,609)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,048 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:44.354%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.085%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="21" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31, 2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Remaining Weighted- Average Useful Life (years)</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Gross Amount</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Accumulated Amortization</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Net Carrying Amount</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Developed technology</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">0.0</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,927 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(4,927)</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Customer relationships</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">0.1</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,300 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(2,272)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">28 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Trademarks/tradenames</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2.2</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,400 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1,227)</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">173 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8,627 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(8,426)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">201 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-indent:27pt">Amortization of intangible assets recorded in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.204%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.064%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Platform operations</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">60 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">58 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">700 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Sales and marketing</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Technology and development</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">General and administrative</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">123 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">408 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">419 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">183 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">466 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,119 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-indent:27pt">Estimated future amortization of intangible assets is as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:85.718%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.082%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Year</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2025</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">607 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2026</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">537 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2027</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">524 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2028</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">524 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2029</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">506 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Thereafter</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">350 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,048 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

19200000

12400000

10000000

3200000

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The balance of intangible assets and accumulated amortization are as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:44.354%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.085%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="21" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31, 2024</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Remaining Weighted- Average Useful Life (years)</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Gross Amount</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Accumulated Amortization</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Net Carrying Amount</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Developed technology</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">5.8</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,437 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(4,987)</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,450 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Customer relationships</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">0.0</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,300 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(2,300)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Trademarks/tradenames</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">4.3</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,920 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1,322)</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">598 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"> </td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">11,657 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(8,609)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,048 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:44.354%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.085%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="21" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31, 2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Remaining Weighted- Average Useful Life (years)</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Gross Amount</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Accumulated Amortization</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Net Carrying Amount</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Developed technology</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">0.0</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,927 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(4,927)</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Customer relationships</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">0.1</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,300 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(2,272)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">28 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Trademarks/tradenames</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2.2</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,400 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1,227)</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">173 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8,627 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(8,426)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">201 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

P5Y9M18D

7437000

4987000

2450000

2300000

P4Y3M18D

1920000

1322000

598000

11657000

8609000

3048000

4927000

P0Y1M6D

2300000

2272000

28000

P2Y2M12D

1400000

1227000

173000

8627000

8426000

201000

<div style="margin-top:12pt;text-indent:27pt">Amortization of intangible assets recorded in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.204%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.064%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Platform operations</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">60 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">58 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">700 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Sales and marketing</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Technology and development</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">General and administrative</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">123 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">408 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">419 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">183 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">466 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,119 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

60000

58000

700000

123000

408000

419000

183000

466000

1119000

<div style="margin-top:12pt;text-indent:27pt">Estimated future amortization of intangible assets is as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:85.718%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.082%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Year</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2025</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">607 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2026</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">537 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2027</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">524 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2028</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">524 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">2029</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">506 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Thereafter</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">350 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,048 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

607000

537000

524000

506000

350000

3048000

Accrued Liabilities<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company’s accrued liabilities consisted of the following:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:71.971%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.063%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Accrued traffic acquisition costs</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">39,985 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">34,085 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other accrued liabilities</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,367 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,178 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total accrued liabilities</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">47,352 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">39,263 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table> </div>

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company’s accrued liabilities consisted of the following:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:71.971%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.063%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Accrued traffic acquisition costs</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">39,985 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">34,085 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other accrued liabilities</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7,367 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,178 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total accrued liabilities</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">47,352 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">39,263 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table> </div>

39985000 34085000

7367000

5178000

47352000

39263000

Revolving Credit Facility<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">On October 31, 2019, the Company entered into an asset-based revolving credit and security agreement (the "Loan Agreement") with PNC Bank, National Association ("PNC Bank") that originally provided a senior secured revolving credit facility with borrowing capacity of up to $40.0 million and a maturity date of October 31, 2024. On April 4, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the Loan Agreement (as so amended, the "Amended Loan Agreement") that increased the borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility to $75.0 million, extended the maturity date to April 4, 2028, and changed the rates at which advances will bear interest. The Amended Loan Agreement is collateralized by security interests in substantially all of the Company's assets.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Advances under the Amended Loan Agreement bear interest through maturity at a variable rate based upon the selection of either a Domestic Rate Loan or a Term SOFR Rate Loan (each, as defined in the Amended Loan Agreement). For Domestic Rate Loans, borrowings bear interest at the Alternate Base Rate plus an applicable margin. The Alternate Base Rate is defined as a fluctuating interest rate equal to the greater of (1) the base commercial lending rate of PNC Bank, (2) the overnight federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (3) the Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.00%. For Term SOFR Rate Loans, borrowings bear interest at the Term SOFR Rate (as defined in the Amended Loan Agreement) plus the SOFR Adjustment of 0.10% plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin is between 1.00% to 1.25% for Domestic Rate Loans and between 2.00% and 2.25% for Term SOFR Rate Loans based on the average undrawn availability under the revolving credit facility. The applicable margin as of December 31, 2024 was equal to 1.00% for Domestic Rate Loans and 2.00% for Term SOFR Rate Loans. The facility fee for undrawn amounts under the Amended Loan Agreement is 0.375% per annum; additionally, the Company pays customary letter of credit fees as applicable.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Amended Loan Agreement contains customary conditions to borrowings, events of default and covenants, including covenants that restrict the Company's ability to sell assets, make changes to the nature of the business, engage in mergers or acquisitions, incur, assume or permit to exist additional indebtedness and guarantees, create or permit to exist liens, pay dividends, issue equity instruments, make distributions or redeem or repurchase capital stock or make other investments, and engage in transactions with affiliates. The Amended Loan Agreement also requires that the Company maintain compliance with a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Amended Loan Agreement) of 1.40 to 1.00 at any time undrawn availability is less than 25%. As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants under the Amended Loan Agreement.</div>The Company did not have an outstanding balance under the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

40000000.0

0.0050

0.0100

0.0125

0.0200

0.0225

0.0100

0.0200

0.00375

1.40 0.25

Stockholders' Equity<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The aggregate maximum number of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock that may be issued pursuant to stock awards under the LTIP (the "Share Reserve") was 11,787,112 shares of Class A common stock as of the time of the adoption. The Share Reserve automatically increases on January 1 of each year, commencing on January 1, 2022 and ending with a final increase on January 1, 2031 in an amount equal to 5% of the total number of shares of capital stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year; provided, however, that the Company’s board of directors may provide that there will not be a January 1 increase in the Share Reserve in a given year or that the increase will be less than 5% of the shares of capital stock outstanding on the preceding December 31.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company is authorized to grant RSUs, incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, and performance stock awards under the LTIP. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had currently only granted RSUs and nonqualified stock options. Under the LTIP, 5.5 million shares of Class A common stock remained available for grant as of December 31, 2024.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Stock-based compensation recorded in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.204%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.064%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Platform operations</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,114 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,104 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,761 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Sales and marketing</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,238 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,729 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,010 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Technology and development</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,717 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,752 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,323 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">General and administrative</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">11,965 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">12,706 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,807 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">21,034 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">32,291 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">28,901 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:12pt">RSUs</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The following summarizes RSU activity:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:71.971%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.063%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Number of Shares (in thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">RSUs outstanding as of December 31, 2023</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,647 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6.03 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Granted</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,237 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">11.42 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Vested</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(2,132)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7.49 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Canceled/forfeited</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(293)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8.57 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">RSUs outstanding as of December 31, 2024</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,459 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9.08 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The total fair value of RSUs, as of their respective vesting dates, during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $23.8 million. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation relating to RSUs of approximately $34.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Nonqualified Stock Options</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-indent:27pt">The following summarizes nonqualified stock option activity:</div><div style="text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:44.354%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.085%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Number of Options (in thousands) </td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted-Average Exercise Price</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center">Aggregate Intrinsic Value</div><div style="text-align:center">(in thousands)(1)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Outstanding as of December 31, 2023</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,736</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.41 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8.6</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8,807 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Granted</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">516</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9.92 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Exercised</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(990)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4.93 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Canceled</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(127)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.74 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Expired</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(7)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">12.67 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Outstanding as of December 31, 2024</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,128</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.94 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7.6</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">66,959 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:15pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Vested and exercisable</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,344</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.63 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7.5</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">44,674 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="text-align:center"> </div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">(1)The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock option awards and the closing market price of our Class A common stock as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The weighted-average grant date fair value of the nonqualified stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $6.67, $3.20 and $3.50, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $10.8 million and were de minimis for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation relating to unvested nonqualified stock options of approximately $6.9 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years as of December 31, 2024.</div><div style="margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model to determine the fair value of nonqualified stock options were as follows:</div><div style="text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.111%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:55.607%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.924%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.409%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.924%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.409%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.927%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Risk-free interest rate</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4.1 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3.8% - 4.3%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1.4% - 2.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Expected volatility</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">74.4 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">75.8% - 81.5%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">61.5% - 62.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Expected term (in years)</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.8</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6.0 - 6.1</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.9 - 6.0</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Expected dividend yield</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.0 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.0 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.0 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt"> Risk-Free Interest Rate. The Company bases the risk-free interest rate assumption for equity awards on the rates for U.S. Treasury securities with maturities similar to those of the expected term of the award being valued.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Expected Volatility. Due to the limited trading history of the Company’s Class A common stock, the expected volatility assumption is based on both the volatility of a peer group of similar companies whose share prices are publicly available as well as the historical volatility of the Company's daily stock prices. The Company will continue to apply this process until a sufficient amount of historical information regarding the volatility of the Company’s own stock price becomes available.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Expected Term. Given the insufficient historical data relating to nonqualified stock option exercises, the expected term assumption is based on the simplified method, which uses the midpoint of the weighted-average vesting period and the contractual term. The Company will continue to apply this process until a sufficient amount of historical information regarding the Company’s nonqualified stock option exercises becomes available.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Expected Dividend Yield. The Company’s expected dividend yield assumption is zero as it has never paid dividends and has no present intention to do so in the future.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt">Stock Repurchase Program</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">On April 23, 2024, the Company's board of directors approved a stock repurchase program with authorization to purchase up to $50 million in shares of the Company's Class A common stock or Class B units of Viant Technology LLC. As of December 31, 2024, $28.3 million remained available under the stock repurchase program.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company may make repurchases under the program, from time to time, through open market purchases, block trades, in privately negotiated transactions, accelerated stock repurchase transactions, or by other means. Open market repurchases will be structured to occur in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including within the pricing and volume requirements of Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company may also, from time to time, enter into Rule 10b5-1 plans to facilitate repurchases under this authorization. The volume, timing, and manner of any repurchases will be determined at the Company's discretion, subject to general market conditions, as well as the Company's management of capital, general business conditions, other investment opportunities, regulatory requirements and other factors. The stock repurchase program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any specific number of shares of Class A common stock or Class B units, has no time limit, and may be modified, suspended, or discontinued at any time without notice, at the discretion of the board of directors. The Company expects to fund repurchases from existing cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and/or future cash flows.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Shares of Class A common stock and Class B units repurchased by the Company under the stock repurchase program were as follows (in thousands):</div><div style="text-indent:27pt"> </div><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:27pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.527%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:70.068%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.012%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:13.014%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31, 2024</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center">Shares(1)</div></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center">Amount(2)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Class A common stock repurchases</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,766</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">21,715 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Class B unit repurchases</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">—</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total repurchases</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,766 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">21,715 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="text-indent:27pt"> </div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">(1)Shares repurchased include unsettled repurchases as of December 31, 2024.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt">(2)Amount includes costs associated with the repurchase such as commissions.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:justify">Issuance of Shares</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Upon vesting of shares under the LTIP, the Company will issue treasury stock. If treasury stock is not available, newly issued stock will be issued.</div>

11787112

0.05 0.05

5500000

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Stock-based compensation recorded in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.204%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.064%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Platform operations</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,114 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,104 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,761 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Sales and marketing</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,238 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,729 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,010 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Technology and development</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,717 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,752 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,323 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">General and administrative</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">11,965 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">12,706 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9,807 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">21,034 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">32,291 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">28,901 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

2114000

4104000

4761000

4238000

9729000

9010000

2717000

5752000

5323000

11965000

12706000

9807000

21034000

32291000

28901000

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The following summarizes RSU activity:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:71.971%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.063%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Number of Shares (in thousands)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">RSUs outstanding as of December 31, 2023</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,647 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6.03 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Granted</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,237 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">11.42 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Vested</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(2,132)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7.49 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Canceled/forfeited</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(293)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8.57 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">RSUs outstanding as of December 31, 2024</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4,459 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9.08 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

3647

6.03

3237

11.42

2132

7.49

293

8.57

4459

9.08

23800000

34400000

P1Y9M18D

<div style="margin-top:12pt">Nonqualified Stock Options</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-indent:27pt">The following summarizes nonqualified stock option activity:</div><div style="text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:44.354%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.085%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Number of Options (in thousands) </td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted-Average Exercise Price</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center">Aggregate Intrinsic Value</div><div style="text-align:center">(in thousands)(1)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Outstanding as of December 31, 2023</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,736</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.41 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8.6</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8,807 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Granted</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">516</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">9.92 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Exercised</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(990)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4.93 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Canceled</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(127)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.74 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Expired</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(7)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">12.67 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Outstanding as of December 31, 2024</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,128</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.94 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7.6</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">66,959 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:15pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Vested and exercisable</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,344</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.63 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">7.5</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">44,674 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

5736

5.41

P8Y7M6D

8807

516

9.92

990

4.93

127

5.74

12.67

5128

5.94

P7Y7M6D

66959

3344 5.63 P7Y6M

44674

6.67

3.20

3.50

10800000

6900000

P1Y4M24D

<div style="margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model to determine the fair value of nonqualified stock options were as follows:</div><div style="text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.111%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:55.607%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.924%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.409%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.924%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.409%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.927%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Risk-free interest rate</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">4.1 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3.8% - 4.3%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1.4% - 2.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Expected volatility</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">74.4 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">75.8% - 81.5%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">61.5% - 62.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Expected term (in years)</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.8</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6.0 - 6.1</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.9 - 6.0</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Expected dividend yield</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.0 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.0 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.0 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr></table></div>

0.041

0.744

P5Y9M18D

0.000

Income Taxes<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax computed by applying the applicable U.S. statutory federal income tax rate of 21% to income before provision of income taxes due to Viant Technology LLC’s pass-through structure for U.S. income tax purposes and the valuation allowance against the deferred tax asset in the current and prior-year periods. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized income tax expense of $0.2 million due to current federal and state taxes payable, resulting in an effective tax rate of 2.0%. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized income tax expense of $0.2 million due to federal and state taxes payable, resulting in an effective tax rate of (1.5)%. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company did not recognize an income tax expense or benefit, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 0.0%.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company is the sole managing member of Viant Technology LLC and, as a result, consolidates the financial results of Viant Technology LLC in the consolidated financial statements. Viant Technology LLC is a pass-through entity for U.S. federal and most applicable state and local income tax purposes following a corporate reorganization effected in connection with the IPO. As an entity classified as a partnership for tax purposes, Viant Technology LLC generally is not subject to U.S. federal and certain state and local income taxes. Subsequent to the IPO, any taxable income or loss generated by Viant Technology LLC is passed through to and included in the taxable income or loss of its members, including the Company. The Company is taxed as a corporation and pays corporate federal, state and local taxes with respect to income allocated from Viant Technology LLC, based on the Company's 25.9% economic interest in Viant Technology LLC.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The provision for income taxes attributable to the Company was as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.204%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.064%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Current:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">U.S. federal income tax</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">47 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">State and local income tax</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">246 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">104 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Foreign income tax</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 19pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total current provision</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">249 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">151 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Deferred:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">U.S. federal income tax</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">State and local income tax</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Foreign income tax</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 19pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total deferred provision</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Income tax (benefit) provision</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">249 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">151 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">A reconciliation of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate for the years presented are as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.204%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.064%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Income tax benefit (expense) at federal statutory rate</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">21.0 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">21.0 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">21.0 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Income passed through to noncontrolling interests</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(17.5)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(13.7)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(15.8)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">State and local taxes, net of federal benefit</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1.6 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1.2 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.8 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Permanent items</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1.5 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1.7)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(0.3)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Stock-based compensation</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(9.1)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(14.6)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(2.9)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Credits</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(4.2)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3.3 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.8 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Uncertain tax position</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.6 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1.4)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Executive compensation</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3.0 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other, net</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(0.8)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(2.2)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.9 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Valuation allowance</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.9 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6.6 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(4.5)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total effective rate</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2.0 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1.5)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.0 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-indent:27pt">The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to a significant portion of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:71.971%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.063%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Deferred tax assets:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Net operating loss carryforwards</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,355 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,513 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Tax credits</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,098 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">642 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Investment in Partnership</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10,145 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8,524 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other, net</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(69)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">238 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Subtotal</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">12,529 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10,917 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Valuation allowance</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(12,529)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(10,917)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total deferred tax assets</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:15pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Deferred tax liabilities:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other, net</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total deferred tax liabilities</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Net deferred tax (liabilities) assets</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is probable that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In determining whether the deferred taxes are realizable, the Company considers the period of expiration of the tax asset, historical and projected taxable income, and tax liabilities for the tax jurisdiction in which the tax asset is located. Valuation allowances are provided to reduce the amounts of deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized based on an assessment of positive and negative evidence, including estimates of future taxable income necessary to realize future deductible amounts. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets of $12.5 million and $10.9 million, respectively, as management determined it is not more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $5.4 million and $6.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $3.6 million and $3.8 million, respectively. The federal net operating losses carry forward indefinitely and state net operating losses begin to expire in 2032. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has federal and state research and development tax credits of approximately $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The federal credits will begin to expire in 2044 and the state credits carry forward until exhausted.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of total gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-align:center;text-indent:27pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:71.971%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.063%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Beginning balance of unrecognized tax benefits</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">158 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Gross increase based on tax positions related to current year</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">84 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">55 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Gross increase based on tax positions related to prior years</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">103 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">252 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">158 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would not have an impact on the Company's effective tax rate assuming the Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance position. As of December 31, 2024, no significant increases or decreases to the Company's uncertain tax positions are expected within the next twelve months. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt"> The Company's U.S. federal and state returns are open to examination for all periods ending December 31, 2021 and thereafter. However, to the extent allowed by law the tax authorities may have the right to examine prior periods where net operating losses were generated and carried forward and make adjustments up to the amount of the net operating loss or credit carry forward amount.</div>

0.21

200000

0.020

200000

-0.015

0.000

0.259

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The provision for income taxes attributable to the Company was as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.204%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.064%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Current:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">U.S. federal income tax</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">47 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">State and local income tax</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">246 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">104 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Foreign income tax</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 19pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total current provision</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">249 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">151 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Deferred:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">U.S. federal income tax</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">State and local income tax</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Foreign income tax</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 19pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total deferred provision</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Income tax (benefit) provision</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">249 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">151 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

3000

47000

246000

104000

249000

151000

249000

151000

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">A reconciliation of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate for the years presented are as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.204%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.064%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Income tax benefit (expense) at federal statutory rate</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">21.0 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">21.0 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">21.0 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Income passed through to noncontrolling interests</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(17.5)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(13.7)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(15.8)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">State and local taxes, net of federal benefit</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1.6 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1.2 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.8 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Permanent items</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1.5 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1.7)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(0.3)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Stock-based compensation</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(9.1)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(14.6)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(2.9)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Credits</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(4.2)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3.3 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.8 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Uncertain tax position</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.6 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1.4)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Executive compensation</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3.0 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other, net</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(0.8)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(2.2)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.9 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Valuation allowance</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5.9 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">6.6 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(4.5)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total effective rate</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2.0 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1.5)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.0 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr></table></div>

0.210

-0.175

-0.137

-0.158

0.016

0.012

0.008

0.015 -0.017 -0.003

-0.091

-0.146

-0.029

-0.042

0.033

0.008

0.006

-0.014

0.030

-0.008

-0.022

0.009

0.059

0.066

-0.045

0.020

-0.015

0.000

<div style="margin-top:12pt;text-indent:27pt">The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to a significant portion of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:71.971%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.063%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Deferred tax assets:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Net operating loss carryforwards</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,355 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,513 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Tax credits</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">1,098 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">642 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Investment in Partnership</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10,145 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">8,524 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other, net</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(69)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">238 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Subtotal</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">12,529 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10,917 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Valuation allowance</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(12,529)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(10,917)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total deferred tax assets</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:15pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Deferred tax liabilities:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Other, net</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total deferred tax liabilities</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Net deferred tax (liabilities) assets</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

1355000

1513000

1098000

642000

10145000

8524000

-69000

238000

12529000

10917000

12529000

10917000

12500000

10900000

5400000

6100000

3600000

3800000

800000

700000

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of total gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-align:center;text-indent:27pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:71.971%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.063%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Beginning balance of unrecognized tax benefits</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">158 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Gross increase based on tax positions related to current year</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">84 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">55 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Gross increase based on tax positions related to prior years</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">103 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">252 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">158 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

158000

84000

55000

10000

103000

252000

158000

Loss) Per Share<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, basic net earnings (loss) per share has been calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Class A common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding for the same period. Shares of Class A common stock are weighted for the portion of the period in which the shares were outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share has been calculated in a manner consistent with that of basic net earnings (loss) per share while considering all potentially dilutive shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the period.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net earnings (loss) per share for the periods presented. Refer to Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information related to basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.142%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.084%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Numerator</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Net income (loss)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">12,452 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(9,943)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(48,089)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10,090 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(6,500)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(36,176)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Net income (loss) attributable to Viant Technology Inc.—basic</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,362 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(3,443)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(11,913)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 14.5pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-4.5pt;vertical-align:bottom">Add back: Reallocation of net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest from the assumed exchange of dilutive securities for Class A common stock</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">712 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 14.5pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-4.5pt;vertical-align:bottom">Income tax benefit (expense) from the assumed exchange of dilutive securities for Class A common stock</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(177)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Net income (loss) attributable to Viant Technology Inc.—diluted</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,897 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(3,443)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(11,913)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Denominator</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding—basic</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">16,221 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,224 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">14,185 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Effect of dilutive securities:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Restricted stock units</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,125 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Nonqualified stock options</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,120 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding—diluted</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">20,466 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,224 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">14,185 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:15pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock—basic</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.15 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(0.23)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(0.84)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock—diluted</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.14 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(0.23)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(0.84)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:15pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Anti-dilutive shares excluded from earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock—diluted:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Restricted stock units</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">—</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,647</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,928</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Nonqualified stock options</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">—</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,736</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,661</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Shares of Class B common stock</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">46,754</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">47,032</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">47,082</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total shares excluded from earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock—diluted</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">46,754</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">56,415</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">54,671</td></tr></table></div>

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net earnings (loss) per share for the periods presented. Refer to Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information related to basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.666%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.142%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.081%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.084%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Numerator</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Net income (loss)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">12,452 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(9,943)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(48,089)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">10,090 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(6,500)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(36,176)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Net income (loss) attributable to Viant Technology Inc.—basic</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,362 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(3,443)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(11,913)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 14.5pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-4.5pt;vertical-align:bottom">Add back: Reallocation of net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest from the assumed exchange of dilutive securities for Class A common stock</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">712 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 14.5pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-4.5pt;vertical-align:bottom">Income tax benefit (expense) from the assumed exchange of dilutive securities for Class A common stock</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(177)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Net income (loss) attributable to Viant Technology Inc.—diluted</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,897 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(3,443)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(11,913)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Denominator</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding—basic</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">16,221 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,224 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">14,185 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Effect of dilutive securities:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Restricted stock units</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,125 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Nonqualified stock options</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,120 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">— </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding—diluted</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">20,466 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,224 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">14,185 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:15pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock—basic</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.15 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(0.23)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(0.84)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock—diluted</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">0.14 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(0.23)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(0.84)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr style="height:15pt"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:3pt double #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Anti-dilutive shares excluded from earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock—diluted:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Restricted stock units</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">—</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,647</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,928</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Nonqualified stock options</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">—</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">5,736</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">3,661</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Shares of Class B common stock</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">46,754</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">47,032</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">47,082</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total shares excluded from earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock—diluted</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">46,754</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">56,415</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">54,671</td></tr></table></div>

12452000

-9943000

-48089000

10090000

6500000

36176000

2362000 -3443000 -11913000 20466000 15224000 14185000

0.15

-0.23

-0.84

0.14

-0.23

-0.84

5736000

3661000

46754000

47032000

47082000

Noncontrolling Interests<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">Viant Technology Inc. is the sole managing member of Viant Technology LLC and, as a result, consolidates the financial results of Viant Technology LLC. We report noncontrolling interests representing the economic interests in Viant Technology LLC held by the other members of Viant Technology LLC. The limited liability company agreement of Viant Technology LLC, as amended and restated, classifies the interests acquired by the Company as Class A units, reclassified the interests held by the continuing members of Viant Technology LLC as Class B units and permits the continuing members of Viant Technology LLC to exchange Class B units for shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis or, at the election of Viant Technology Inc., for cash at the current fair value on the date of the exchange. Changes in the Company’s ownership interest in Viant Technology LLC while retaining control of Viant Technology LLC will be accounted for as equity transactions. As such, future redemptions or direct exchanges of Class B units in Viant Technology LLC by the other members and future issuances of Class A common stock under the </div><div style="margin-top:6pt">LTIP will result in a change in ownership, where the Company will rebalance the noncontrolling interest, offset by a change in additional-paid-in-capital.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The following table summarizes the ownership of Viant Technology LLC:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.527%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:44.271%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.101%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.101%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.101%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.108%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31, 2024</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31, 2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Owner</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Units Owned</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Ownership Percentage </td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Units Owned</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Ownership Percentage </td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Viant Technology Inc.</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">16,368,452</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">25.9 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,783,941</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">25.1 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Noncontrolling interests</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">46,753,841</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">74.1 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">47,032,260</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">74.9 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">63,122,293</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">100.0 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">62,816,201</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">100.0 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">During the year ended December 31, 2024, noncontrolling interests exchanged 278,419 Class B shares of Viant Technology LLC for 278,419 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, which also resulted in the cancellation of 278,419 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock that were previously held by noncontrolling interests with no additional consideration provided. During the year ended December 31, 2023, noncontrolling interests exchanged 50,000 Class B shares of Viant Technology LLC for 50,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, which also resulted in the cancellation of 50,000 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock that were previously held by noncontrolling interests with no additional consideration provided.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The following table presents the effect of changes in the Company’s ownership interest in Viant Technology LLC on the Company’s equity for the years indicated:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.204%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.064%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Net income (loss) attributable to Viant Technology Inc.</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,362 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(3,443)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(11,913)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Transfers to noncontrolling interests:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 14.5pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-4.5pt;vertical-align:bottom">Decrease in the additional-paid-in-capital of Viant Technology Inc. resulting from ownership changes in Viant Technology LLC</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(4,014)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(6,112)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(20,284)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Change from net income (loss) attributable to Viant Technology Inc. and transfers to noncontrolling interests</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1,652)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(9,555)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(32,197)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

1 <div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The following table summarizes the ownership of Viant Technology LLC:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.527%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:44.271%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.101%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.101%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.101%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.406%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.108%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31, 2024</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">As of December 31, 2023</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Owner</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Units Owned</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Ownership Percentage </td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Units Owned</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Ownership Percentage </td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Viant Technology Inc.</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">16,368,452</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">25.9 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">15,783,941</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">25.1 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Noncontrolling interests</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">46,753,841</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">74.1 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">47,032,260</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">74.9 </td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Total</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">63,122,293</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">100.0 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">62,816,201</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cff0fc;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">100.0 </td><td style="background-color:#cff0fc;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">%</td></tr></table></div> 16368452

0.259

15783941

0.251

46753841 0.741 47032260 0.749 63122293 1.000 62816201 1.000 278419 278419

278419

50000 50000

50000

<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The following table presents the effect of changes in the Company’s ownership interest in Viant Technology LLC on the Company’s equity for the years indicated:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:91.805%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:58.204%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.061%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.405%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.064%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="15" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2024</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2023</td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom">2022</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Net income (loss) attributable to Viant Technology Inc.</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">2,362 </td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(3,443)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(11,913)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">Transfers to noncontrolling interests:</td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 14.5pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-4.5pt;vertical-align:bottom">Decrease in the additional-paid-in-capital of Viant Technology Inc. resulting from ownership changes in Viant Technology LLC</td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(4,014)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(6,112)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(20,284)</td><td style="background-color:#cceeff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:2px 1pt 2px 10pt;text-align:left;text-indent:-9pt;vertical-align:bottom">Change from net income (loss) attributable to Viant Technology Inc. and transfers to noncontrolling interests</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(1,652)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(9,555)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0 2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom">$</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom">(32,197)</td><td style="background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:3pt double #000;border-top:1pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt 2px 0;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"></td></tr></table></div>

2362000

-3443000

-11913000

-4014000 -6112000 -20284000

-1652000

-9555000

-32197000

Commitments and Contingencies<div style="margin-top:12pt">Lease Commitments</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">As of December 31, 2024, we had non-cancelable operating lease commitments for office space that have been recorded as operating lease liabilities. Refer to Note 5—Leases for additional information regarding lease commitments.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt">Hosting Commitments</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:36pt">As of December 31, 2024, we had non-cancelable contractual agreements primarily related to the hosting of our data storage processing, storage and other computing services. As of December 31, 2024, we estimate these obligations to be approximately $15.4 million in 2025, $15.0 million in 2026, $10.5 million in 2027, and $2.1 million in 2028.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt">Legal Matters</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">From time to time, the Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcome of the various legal proceedings and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that any of these proceedings or other claims will have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt">Guarantees and Indemnities</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company has made no significant contractual guarantees for the benefit of third parties. However, in the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to customers, vendors, lessors, business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements, services to be provided by the Company or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with directors and certain officers and employees that will require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers or </div><div style="margin-top:6pt">employees. The Company is not aware of indemnification claims that could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, no amounts for any obligation have been recorded as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.</div>

15400000

15000000.0

10500000

2100000

Related Parties<div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company had a balance of $0.3 million as of December 31, 2024 and $0.3 million as of December 31, 2023, payable to related parties for expenses they incurred on our behalf, which was recorded within accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The related expense incurred by the Company was $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, and $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">The Company recorded no revenue from its transactions with related parties during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. The Company recorded no purchases from related parties during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-indent:27pt">As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, no amounts were due to or due from related parties, other than those mentioned above.</div>

300000

1100000

900000

On December 11, 2024, Larry Madden, our Chief Financial Officer, entered into a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) for the sale of up to 268,460 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, including up to 128,347 shares to be issued upon the vesting of restricted stock units, which will be reduced by the number of shares withheld to cover taxes, if any, through September 30, 2025. December 11, 2024 Larry Madden Chief Financial Officer true 268460 128347 September 30, 2025 false false false true